International Journal of Automotive Technology

ARTICLE Trajectory Planning and Tracking Control Based on Conflict Resolution at Unprotected Intersections
Unprotected intersections are accident-prone sections, and decision-making in such scenarios is one of the recognized difficulties in the field of automated driving. This paper focuses on the traffic problem of automated vehicles at unprotected intersections, aiming to ensure sa...

ARTICLE Speed Controller Design for Roll–Pitch Motion Synchronization to Enhance Cornering Feel in Autonomous Vehicles
To improve cornering feel, which is a key element of vehicle ride comfort, achieving balanced roll–pitch motion is very important. However, previous studies have increased the complexity and cost of the system by changing the characteristics of the suspension or using additiona...

ARTICLE Assessment on Combustion, Performance, and Emissions of a Passive Pre-chamber Ignition Ammonia–Gasoline Dual-Fuel Engine
The co-combustion of ammonia and gasoline is one of the effective measures to improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions in spark-ignition engines. However, it requires high-energy ignition to enhance combustion performance. Passive pre-chamber can improve the combust...

ARTICLE Development of a Centralized Vehicle Integration Control Unit for Enhanced Fail-Operational
This study proposes and evaluates a vehicle integration control unit (VICU) that enables cooperative control among braking, steering, and propulsion systems to enhance fail-operational capability of the vehicle chassis domains. The VICU adopts a centralized architecture that rea...

ARTICLE Data-Driven Identification and Analysis of Road Test Scenarios for Self-Driving Minibuses
Autonomous minibuses are expected to be the first high-level autonomous vehicles used commercially. Before deployment, thorough testing and evaluation are crucial for ensuring safety and reliability. This paper proposes a data-driven framework for identifying and analyzing road ...

ARTICLE Stable Drift Control Strategy Under Extreme Conditions for RWIDEVs
Drift control technology is critical for optimizing the dynamic performance and active safety of rear-wheel independent drive electric vehicles (RWIDEVs) during high-sideslip maneuvers. In this study, we propose a robust longitudinal force pre-distribution strategy that stabiliz...

ARTICLE Cooperative Control of AFS and DYC for Distributed Drive Electric Vehicles
To address the issue of degraded control performance of path tracking algorithms under extreme driving conditions, a cooperative control method integrating active front steering (AFS) and direct yaw control (DYC) based on the four-line stability criterion is proposed. Firstly, a...

ARTICLE Trajectory-Tracking Control of Autonomous Vehicles with Dynamic Nonlinear Coupling Characteristics and Parameter Uncertainty
In this paper, a longitudinal and lateral coupled trajectory-tracking controller for autonomous vehicles is proposed. First, a trajectory-tracking model with system parameter uncertainty and dynamic nonlinear coupling characteristics is modeled and analyzed. We design a triple-s...

ARTICLE Integrated Structural and Impact Optimization for a Lightweight 6-Wheel Electric Truck Chassis
This study presents a comprehensive optimization strategy for the chassis design of a 6-wheel electric vehicle (EV) truck, focusing on weight reduction while maintaining structural integrity and crash safety. Unlike previous studies that prioritize either weight minimization or ...

ARTICLE Research on the Coupling Effects of Risk Factors Based on the N-K Model: A Case Study of RTATMF in China
To examine the influence of the coupled action of multiple risk factors on road traffic accidents involving three or more fatalities (RTATMF), this study analyzed 380 RTATMF cases in China from 2009 to 2023, analyzing drivers, vehicles, roads, and environmental aspects, and subd...

ARTICLE Energy Management Optimization for P1 + P2 Plug-in Hybrid Light Commercial Vehicles Based on Speed Prediction
To overcome the limitations of conventional energy management strategies (EMS) in P1 + P2 plug-in hybrid electric light commercial vehicles (PHEV-LCVs), this paper proposes an adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) incorporating vehicle speed prediction....

ARTICLE Vehicle Stability Control for 4WIS-4WID EV Based on Four-Wheel Steering and Direct Yaw Moment Control
This study is focused on improving the handling and stability of a 4WIS-4WID EV (four-wheel independent steering and four-wheel independent driving electric vehicle) through the development of an integrated control strategy. This strategy integrates a four-wheel steering (4WS) s...

ARTICLE Assessment of the Correlation Between Energy Loss and Entrainment Performance of Ejector for 11 kW Fuel Cells on the Volumetric Flow Rate and Internal Shape
In this study, the flow characteristics of hydrogen ejector were numerically analyzed by varying the diameter and volumetric flow rate of the nozzle and mixing section of the ejector to improve the entrainment performance and minimize the energy loss. The volumetric flow rate of...

ARTICLE Effect of Intake Port Parameters on the In-Cylinder Flow Characteristics in OP2S Diesel Engine
To improve the thermal efficiency of opposed-piston two-stroke (OP2S) diesel engines, this study focuses on exploring the impact of intake port parameters on the in-cylinder flow field. By combining experimental testing with CFD method, the flow coefficient, swirl ratio, and in-...

ARTICLE Human-Like Behavior Decision-Making for Autonomous Driving Based on Driving Expectations
To address the current limitations of autonomous driving systems in naturally imitating human driving behavior, this study proposes a human-like behavior decision-making model that incorporates driver expectations. Driving expectations refers to a driver's subjective preferences...

ARTICLE Preview Anti-roll Control with Actuator Delay in Autonomous Driving
As autonomous driving technology advances, vehicle control is shifting from driver-centric approaches to algorithm-based frameworks. This study develops a method to control vehicle roll behavior by utilizing preview information obtained from the autonomous driving system. Specif...

ARTICLE Multiobjective Virtual Tire Design with Driver Preference Integration: a Comprehensive Framework for Performance and Efficiency
This paper presents a user application that streamlines the virtual tire development process by incorporating both subjective and objective tire evaluations, size information, and target performance values. The tool leverages a content-based filtering recommendation system and D...

ARTICLE Effect of the Piston Bowl Geometry on In-Cylinder Flow and Combustion in a Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine: A CFD Study
This study investigates the combustion characteristics associated with three distinct piston geometries under 2000 RPM full-load conditions (fuel injection quantity: 62 mg). To optimize engine performance, the compression ratio was fixed at 11.0 for all cases. Piston designs inc...

ARTICLE Lane-Level Traffic Flow Prediction Using Adaptive Spatio-Temporal Convolutional Networks and Reinforcement Learning
Lane-level traffic prediction requires high spatial resolution and is easily affected by micro-driving behavior and lane changes. It is difficult to fully model such complex dependencies by relying solely on time series and spatial graph networks. This paper applies an adaptive ...

ARTICLE Study on the Impact of Battery Module Installation on Battery Pack Through the Benchmarking Study
As the proportion of electric vehicles (EVs) in automobile market increases, many users are using EVs recently. Unlike the past, when only a few brands and models of EVs could be experienced, EVs with various brands and characteristics are being released. This is possible thanks...

ARTICLE Dual-Layer Predictive Energy Control in High-Speed Trains Using Adaptive Observers
Energy efficiency is crucial in modern high-speed rail, particularly with the emergence of hybrid energy storage for sustainable transportation. Traditional energy management methods, such as rule-based control and heuristics, lack scalability and adaptability for real-time, mul...

ARTICLE Motion Sickness Prediction of Electric Vehicles for Natural Driving Scenarios
Most current experimental studies on motion sickness prediction are conducted in laboratories, where the constant excitation frequency differs significantly from real-world dynamic conditions. In this paper, we break this paradigm by adopting a mountain city natural driving rout...

ARTICLE An Efficient Optimization-Based Two-Stage Trajectory Planning Framework for Autonomous Vehicles on Structured Roads
This paper focuses on the trajectory planning problem for structured roads, which is formulated as an optimal control problem (OCP) to produce rapid, accurate, and optimal trajectories. However, the standard OCP faces inherent challenges due to its high-dimensional computational...

ARTICLE Predictive Modeling of Vehicle Speed in Urban Traffic Using LiDAR-Measured Following Distance
This study investigates the relationship between vehicle speed and following distance using real-world driving data collected via global positioning system (GPS) and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors in urban traffic. Results show that following distance (FD) increases...

ARTICLE Aerodynamic Characterization and Improvement of European Modular System Class-3 Road Vehicle Combinations Using Numerical Models
This study utilizes computationally affordable and reliable methods to numerically analyze the aerodynamic performance of class 3 vehicles: 25.25 m long combinations of semi-trailers and trailers commonly used in Europe. The main goal is to evaluate the aerodynamic performance o...

ARTICLE Fatigue Life Study and Prediction Model for Honeycomb Non-Pneumatic Tires
Non-pneumatic structures significantly enhance tire safety performance, with fatigue life being a crucial indicator for non-pneumatic tires (NPTs). The spoke structure, subjected to complex cyclic loads during rolling, is particularly prone to fatigue failure due to its repeated...

ARTICLE Advancing End-to-End Autonomous Driving with Visual Guidance and Simulated Interaction
Environmental complexity results in suboptimal performance and interpretability issues when using direct mapping via imitation learning. This paper proposes an end-to-end model based on imitation learning within a multi-task framework. The model enhances environmental understand...

ARTICLE Energy Management Strategy for Two-Mode Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using Double Actor-Critic with TD Error-Driven Regularization Algorithm
Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have attracted much attention due to their high fuel economy and low emissions, and the performance of their energy management strategies (EMSs) is crucial to their energy efficiency. However, existing energy management strategies based on deep re...

ARTICLE Anti-rollover Control of Semi-trailer Liquid Tanker Based on Energy Method
To mitigate the rollover risk of semi-trailer liquid tankers during steering maneuvers, an energy-based rollover evaluation index is introduced. Based on a six-degree-of-freedom model of the semi-trailer liquid tanker, an integrated control strategy that combines AFS (active fro...

ARTICLE Robust Consensus Control for Vehicle Platoons at Autonomous Intersection
In the platoon control system, it is crucial to consider the actual execution ability of vehicles and external disturbance to ensure control stability. Addressing this issue, firstly, a robust consensus control method for vehicle platoons is specifically designed. This method ta...

Current Issue

Volume 27(3); June 2026

Volume 27(2); April 2026

Volume 27(1); February 2026

Volume 26(7); December 2025

Volume 26(6); October 2025

Current Issue: Volume 27(3); Jun 2026

Connected Automated Vehicles and ITS, Vision and Sensors

883

Simulation of LiDAR Under Fog with Generative Adversarial Networks for Robust 3D Object Detection

Yeonsoo Park, Yoonho Cho, Jisub Kwak, Yejin Park, Jaewan Lee

Int J Automot Technol. 2026;27(2):883-895. Published online 2025 Oct 17 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-025-00319-4

Chassis, Vehicle Dynamics and Control

459

Personalized Active Camber Control for Path Following Assistance: a Non-interference Approach

Zhengliang Chen, Wei Wang, Pongsathorn Raksincharonsak

Int J Automot Technol. 2026;27(2):459-473. Published online 2026 Feb 20 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-026-00414-0

Engine and Emissions, Fuels and Lubricants

Scenario-Based Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Reduction Potential for Passenger Vehicles, Considering Electrification in the Republic of Korea

Haechan Choi, Jihwan Park, Cha-Lee Myung, Hoimyung Choi, Inji Park, Charyung Kim, Kyoungdoug Min

Int J Automot Technol. 2026;27(1):89-101. Published online 2025 Apr 28 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-025-00255-3

Connected Automated Vehicles and ITS

Learning Homotopy Prediction for Optimization-Based Trajectory Planners for Autonomous Driving

Abi Rahman Syamil, Dongsuk Kum

Int J Automot Technol. 2026;27(1):59-69. Published online 2025 May 6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-025-00257-1

Cited By 1

Electric, Fuel Cell, and Hybrid Vehicle, Fuels and Lubricants, Heat Transfer, Fluid and Thermal Engineering, Vision and Sensors

621

Comprehensive Analysis of Battery Thermal Management and Energy Consumption in an Electric Vehicle: Impact of Driving Modes and Ambient Temperatures

Inji Park, Charyung Kim, Hyunwoo Lee, Cha-Lee Myung, Kyoungdoug Min

Int J Automot Technol. 2025;26(3):621-636. Published online 2024 Dec 31 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00202-8

Cited By 19

Electric, Fuel Cell, and Hybrid Vehicle, Fuels and Lubricants, Heat Transfer, Fluid and Thermal Engineering, Vision and Sensors

359

Study of Cooling Performance of Liquid-Cooled EV Battery Module According to the TIM Compression Ratio

Jahun Gu, Heung-Kyu Kim, Siyoul Jang

Int J Automot Technol. 2025;26(2):359-373. Published online 2024 Dec 2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00167-8

Cited By 10

Body and Safety, Manufacturing, Materials and Recycling

147

Local Reinforcement of a Fuel Cell End Plate for Package Improvements Using Steel–Aluminium Hybrid-Casting Technology

Florian Mielke, Sharath Christy Anand, Xiangfan Fang

Int J Automot Technol. 2025;26(1):147-162. Published online 2024 Aug 1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00129-0

Cited By 1

Body and Safety, Manufacturing, Materials and Recycling

1529

3D Printed Metamaterials for Energy Absorption in Motorsport Applications

Rachel Tilley , David Holmes , Edmund Pickering , Maria Woodruff

Int J Automot Technol. 2024;25(6):1529-1540. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00136-1

Cited By 14

Connected Automated Vehicles and ITS, Vehicle Dynamics and Control

1485

Stabilizing Electric Vehicle Systems Using Proximal Policy-Based Self-structuring Control

Juntao Zhuang , Chengwei Wang , Qiong Cheng , Ying Dai , Ebrahim Ghaderpour , Ardashir Mohammadzadeh

Int J Automot Technol. 2024;25(6):1485-1502. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00134-3

Cited By 10

Connected Automated Vehicles and ITS

999

Vehicle’s Lateral Motion Control Using Dynamic Mode Decomposition Model Predictive Control for Unknown Model

Guntae Kim , Chaehun Park , Cheolmin Jeong , Chang Mook Kang , Jaeil Cho , Hyungchae Lee , Jaeho Lee , Donghyun Kang

Int J Automot Technol. 2024;25(5):999-1009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00074-y

Cited By 12

Body and Safety, Manufacturing, Materials and Recycling

965

Comparison of Tire Rolling Resistance Measuring Methods for Different Surfaces

Jerzy Ejsmont , Grzegorz Ronowski , Lisa Ydrefors , Wojciech Owczarzak , Sławomir Sommer , Beata Świeczko-Żurek

Int J Automot Technol. 2024;25(4):965-976. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00092-w

Cited By 19

Engine and Emissions, Fuels and Lubricants

755

The Effect of Water Injection on a Naturally Aspirated Spark-Ignited Engine

Woojae Kim , Jongwon Chung , Junghyun Kim, Cha-Lee Myung, Kyeonghyeon Lee, Jongbum Park, Kyungdoug Min

Int J Automot Technol. 2024;25(4):755-764. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00058-y

Cited By 2

Electric, Fuel Cell, and Hybrid Vehicle, Engine and Emissions, Heat Transfer, Fluid and Thermal Engineering

701

Analysis of Power Consumption on BOP System in a Fuel Cell Electric Bus According to the Fuel Cell Load Range

Yebeen Kim , Jiwoong Kim , Kyoungdoug Min

Int J Automot Technol. 2024;25(4):701-715. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00064-0

Cited By 9

Body and Safety, Chassis, Human Factors and Ergonomics, Materials and Recycling, Noise, Vibration and Harshness, Transmission and Driveline, Vehicle Dynamics and Control

565

Design of the Steering Feedback Controller of a Steer-by-Wire System Using Admittance Model

Hyungjeen Choi , Seibum Choi

Int J Automot Technol. 2024;25(3):565-574. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00055-1

Cited By 8

Connected Automated Vehicles and ITS

369

A Cost Effective Solution to an Automated Valet Parking System

Ömer Dönmez , Ondřej Vaculín , Thiago de Borba

Int J Automot Technol. 2024;25(2):369-380. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00031-9

Cited By 2

Engine and Emissions