| The Potential of E-fuel to Reduce Fuel Injector Deposits |
| Zbigniew Stepien, Kornel Dybich |
| Oil and Gas Institute – National Research Institute, 31-503 Krakow, Poland |
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Received: July 9, 2024; Revised: November 17, 2024 Accepted: December 23, 2024. Published online: January 24, 2025. |
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| ABSTRACT |
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This article describes the dangers resulting from the formation of coke deposits of DISI (Direct Injection Spark Ignition) engine injectors. It was indicated here on the deterioration of the quality of the combustion mixture in the engine combustion chamber and the possibility of damage to the injectors. The mechanisms of deposits formation, factors and conditions that favor it are described. Particular attention was paid to the importance of fuel composition and their additization for the processes of formation of injector deposits. The results of the research were presented in which a comparative assessment of the tendency of gasoline with e-fuel additive compared to other gasoline, including without and with biofuel additives, to form deposits of DISI engine injectors. Nine gasolines with different physicochemical properties were used in the engine tests. To better distinguish the influence that various physicochemical properties of gasoline had on the deposit formation in fuel injectors, fuels that did not contain DCA (Deposit Control Additives) additive packages were used for testing. Taking into account the ecological properties of gasoline, two gasolines with an admixture of alcohol (ethanol or butanol) were used, and two with an e-fuel admixture and an e-fuel admixture combined with an admixture of ethanol. Due to the possibility of utilitarian use of the results of the work, and the restriction of the engine manufacturer, the amount of alcohol in the tested fuels was limited to 20% (V/V). An analysis of the influence of different properties of the tested fuels on the processes of initiation and subsequent formation of deposits, including the rate of their formation, was also made. Engine tests were carried out in accordance with the standardized, pan-European engine procedure CEC F-113-KC indicated in the latest, sixth edition of the WorldWide Fuel Charter of October 28, 2019. The obtained results showed that among the tested fuels, gasoline with e-fuel admixture had the least tendency to form deposits of the engine injectors DISI indicated as a research tool in the Worldwide Fuel Charter. |
| Key Words:
Direct injection spark ignition · Fuel injector deposits · Gasoline · Ethanol · Butanol · E-fuel · Engine tests |
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Corresponding Author.
Zbigniew Stepien , Email. 
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