| Numerical Investigation of System Architecture and Engine Characteristics Effects on Gasoline Compression Ignition (GCI) Hybrid Heavy-Duty Truck Performance |
| Minghao Zhao, Hu Wang, Zunqing Zheng, Mingfa Yao |
| State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China |
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Received: March 13, 2025; Revised: April 14, 2025 Accepted: April 15, 2025. Published online: June 19, 2025. |
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| ABSTRACT |
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Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) is a combustion concept that has the potential to achieve low emissions and high efficiency. However, it faces two major challenges: poor combustion stability at low loads and rough combustion at high loads. Hybrid technology offers enhanced engine control flexibility, allowing the engine to avoid unstable combustion conditions associated with GCI to some extent. Therefore, this study conducts a configuration analysis of GCI engine hybrid systems suitable for heavy-duty commercial vehicles. Dynamic programming (DP) is employed to achieve optimal control, focusing on the impacts of hybrid configuration and engine characteristics. The results show that the GCI engine hybrid system using the electric continuously variable transmission (ECVT) configuration has significant advantages in emission control than that of the parallel configuration. By shifting the minimum fuel consumption region of the GCI engine to lower speeds, vehicle fuel consumption was reduced by 0.31 L/100 km. Increasing the peak brake thermal efficiency of the GCI engine from 43.67% to 48% can reduce vehicle fuel consumption by 2.7 L/100 km. This study provides theoretical reference for the configuration selection of GCI engine hybrid systems and the development of dedicated hybrid GCI engines. |
| Key Words:
Gasoline compression ignition · Hybrid electric vehicle · Dynamic programming · Engine performance characteristics · Hybrid powertrain configuration |
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Corresponding Author.
Zunqing Zheng , Email. 
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