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International Journal of Automotive Technology > Volume 27(4); 2026 > Article
International Journal of Automotive Technology 2026;27(4): 1721-1738.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-025-00406-6
Important Features to Consider in Concept Design of Mountain Tram: Part 1. Articulated Bogie
Jea Hoon Yeon1, Joo Yeon Kim2
1Department of Transportation System Engineering, University of Science and Technology - Korea Railroad Research Institute School, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
2Mobility Design Team, Hyundai Transys, 95, Hyundaikia-ro, Namyang-eup, Hwaseong-si, 18280, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
PDF Links Corresponding Author.  Joo Yeon Kim , Email. saiwai1@hyundai-transys.com
Received: February 11, 2025; Revised: April 19, 2025   Accepted: June 4, 2025.  Published online: April 23, 2026.
ABSTRACT
A mountain tram is the railway vehicle running on the tracks in the mountainous regions. Being affected by the rough terrains in the regions, the tracks for mountain trams usually include the curves with small radius and much steeper gradients which usually do not appear in railway tracks in urban areas. For that reason, a mountain tram should have superior abilities to cope with the shapes of the tracks and to secure vehicle stability for the safety of passengers. To satisfy the requirements, a mountain tram needs to have some specific features. Through a series of studies, these necessary features are discussed at the level of designing concept vehicle utilizing an Example-Primitive-Concept-Vehicle, LOH (Long Overhang) Mt. (Mountain) tram and other mountain trains of a manufacturer. In this study, the necessity of the articulated bogie to a mountain tram is discussed in the aspects of the kinematic appropriateness and the vehicle stability.
Key Words: Mountain tram · Articulated bogie · Kinematic appropriateness · Vehicle stability · RecurDyn · 3D-CAD
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