International Journal of Automotive Technology

ARTICLE Embedding Object Avoidance to End-To-End Driving Systems by Input Data Manipulation
In this paper, we present a simple, yet efficient data-manipulation method to embed object avoidance feature to end-to-end driving system. Previous works used either additional sensors or extra algorithm to embed object avoidance to end-to-end driving. However, the proposed syst...

ARTICLE Life Degradation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Under Vehicle-to-Grid Operations Based on a Multi-physics Model
The bidirectional charging method with active control between electric vehicles (EVs) and energy grids, known as the Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) method, is a technology gaining attention for its potential to improve energy efficiency. However, concerns have been raised about the rapid...

ARTICLE Harnessing Electrocardiography Signals for Driver State Classification Using Multi-layered Neural Networks
Driving under conditions of cognitive overload or drowsiness poses serious safety risks and is recognized as a major cause of vehicle collisions. Thus, timely detection of the driver’s state is crucial for preventing accidents. This study proposed the utilization of electrocard...

ARTICLE Experimental Analysis of Cooling Performance and Fuel Consumption Using Engine Test-Cell Environment
Climate change owing to global warming caused by human activities has raised concerns worldwide. The primary cause of global warming is increased emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. There is growing emphasis on strengthening emission regulations, particularly ...

ARTICLE A Study on Abnormal Detection of High-Speed Bearings for Electric Vehicle Drive Systems
Recently, as the development of high-performance electric vehicles is actively progressing, there is a strong demand for abnormality detection technology of high-speed bearings installed in drive systems. In this study, abnormal modes were analyzed for high-speed bearings applie...

ARTICLE Study of Cooling Performance of Liquid-Cooled EV Battery Module According to the TIM Compression Ratio
This study examines the coolant and heat flows in electric vehicle (EV) battery pack that employs a thermal interface material (TIM). The overall temperature distribution of the battery pack that consists of many battery modules is precomputed based on the cooling circuit design...

ARTICLE A New Equation for Fuel Economy of Hybrid Vehicles in Republic of Korea Based on 5-Cycle Test
Fuel economy labeling serves a market-driven system that provides consumers with essential information to encourage the purchase and development of highly efficient vehicles. Since 2012, Korea has utilized derived 5-cycle equations, modeled after the US 5-cycle fuel economy calc...

ARTICLE Driving Characteristics of Heavy-Duty Urban Transit Vehicles in Seoul: Insights from Real-Time Data and Annual Statistics
This study examined Seoul City bus-driving behavior using an extensive dataset with real-time driving data and detailed annual statistics to determine distinct patterns in bus operation. The study focused on four distinct scenarios near bus stations, offering insight into the co...

ARTICLE An Ergonomic Study on Gear Position Sequence and Gear Indicator Location of Automotive Dial-Type Gearshift
In the pursuit of an ergonomic gear indicator design for dial-type gearshifts, this study conducted a survey to comparatively evaluate eight different gear indicator layout-design alternatives that were derived by combining two gear-position sequences (P-R-N-D and D-N-R-P) and f...

ARTICLE Study on The Cooling Performance By Cooling Air Channel Design For Air-Cooled Hev Battery Pack
In this study, a cooling structure is designed that can improve the cooling efficiency of an air-cooled battery pack, which is an important component of hybrid electric vehicle powertrains. U-type air-cooled battery packs, which represent the most efficient structure for the dis...

ARTICLE Development of an LSTM-CCF-MA Model for Predicting NOx Emission and Exhaust Temperature of a Diesel Engine
The continuous reduction of NOx emission limits for heavy-duty diesel engines poses challenges to the control strategies of diesel engine. Developing an accurate prediction model for NOx emission and exhaust temperature is of great importance in reducing NOx emission. In this st...

ARTICLE A Novel Dynamic Lane-Changing Trajectory Planning for Autonomous Vehicles Based on Improved APF and RRT Algorithm
To satisfy multi-objective requirements of the dynamic lane-changing trajectory planning (DLTP) for autonomous vehicles, a novel DLTP method based on the improved artificial potential field (APF) and rapidly exploring random tree (RRT) algorithm is proposed. The problem of lane-...

ARTICLE Iterative Trajectory Prediction Model Based on Interactive Agent
Though many methods attempt to model how agents interact with each other and their environment, they often fail to capture the dynamic nuances of these interactions. To address this issue, this paper proposes an interactive iterative prediction model based on Transformer (IIPM-B...

ARTICLE Multi-physical Field Coupling Analysis of Flat Wire Motor
To further improve the accuracy of the complex multi-physics coupling system of flat wire motors, this paper presents an improved multi-physics field modeling method, which conducts a relatively comprehensive analysis of electromagnetic(EM), temperature, flow and stress field. A...

ARTICLE Road Feel Simulation Method with Rack Force Observer for Intelligent Vehicle Steer-by-Wire System
To provide the driver with a more realistic and comfortable driving experience, a novel road feel torque planning method based on rack force estimation and an active return control method for the steering wheel with disturbance observation are proposed for intelligent vehicle. F...

ARTICLE Investigation of the Spoke Lateral Thickness Effects on Non-pneumatic Tire Radial and Lateral Stiffness
Due to the excessively high lateral stiffness of honeycomb NPTs, which contradicted vehicle handling stability requirements, and the importance of radial stiffness for maintaining load-bearing capacity, coordinated optimization was necessary. This study investigates the impact o...

ARTICLE Study on Fusion Estimation of Adhesion Coefficient Based on Multimodal Fusion Recognition Strategy
Estimation of the coefficient of adhesion for pavement conditions with different material properties is a difficult engineering problem. The study proposes a tripartite fusion estimation technology framework based on vision, pavement unevenness information, and vehicle dynamic r...

ARTICLE Research on Cooperative Driving Steering Control for Intelligent Vehicles Based on Lateral Deviation Prediction
Lane keeping with cooperative control strategy and conflict reduction between human drivers and intelligent driving controller are the key problems in the lane departure prevention (LDP) system. To address these issues, this paper proposes an intelligent vehicle cooperative driv...

ARTICLE Trajectory Tracking Control for Self-driving Vehicle Considering Road Slope and Adhesion Condition
There are strict constraints of vehicle location and running time in trajectory tracking. When a self-driving vehicle with a two-dimensional tracking strategy drives on ramps, the demand trajectory will be lengthened due to the existence of road slope, resulting in low tracking ...

ARTICLE LDMSNet: Lightweight Dual-Branch Multi-Scale Network for Real-Time Semantic Segmentation of Autonomous Driving
Semantic segmentation plays a crucial role in autonomous driving systems, serving as a key technology for understanding and interpreting the road environment. Most existing semantic segmentation networks strive for high accuracy, but achieving true real-time performance while ma...

ERRATUM Erratum: A Novel Dynamic Lane-Changing Trajectory Planning for Autonomous Vehicles Based on Improved APF and RRT Algorithm

Current Issue

Volume 26(2); April 2025

Volume 26(1); February 2025

Volume 25(6); December 2024

Volume 25(5); October 2024

Volume 25(4); August 2024

Current Issue: Volume 26(2); Apr 2025

Articles

Connected Automated Vehicles and ITS, Vision and Sensors

301

Embedding Object Avoidance to End-To-End Driving Systems by Input Data Manipulation

Younggon Jo, Jeongmok Ha, Sungsoo Hwang

Int J Automot Technol. 2025;26(2):301-313. Published online 2024 Sep 19 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00156-x

Electric, Fuel Cell, and Hybrid Vehicle

315

Life Degradation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Under Vehicle-to-Grid Operations Based on a Multi-physics Model

Hyeon-Gyu Lee, Jong-Won Choi, Seong-Taek Ryu, Kyu-Jin Lee

Int J Automot Technol. 2025;26(2):315-326. Published online 2024 Sep 20 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00157-w

Connected Automated Vehicles and ITS, Electrical and Electronics, Human Factors and Ergonomics

327

Harnessing Electrocardiography Signals for Driver State Classification Using Multi-layered Neural Networks

Amir Tjolleng, Kihyo Jung

Int J Automot Technol. 2025;26(2):327-339. Published online 2024 Jun 18 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00109-4

Engine and Emissions, Fuels and Lubricants

341

Experimental Analysis of Cooling Performance and Fuel Consumption Using Engine Test-Cell Environment

Sihyun Park, Youngkun Kim, Jun Woo Jeong, Seungchul Woo, Kihyung Lee

Int J Automot Technol. 2025;26(2):341-352. Published online 2025 Mar 17 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-025-00231-x

Body and Safety, Chassis, Human Factors and Ergonomics, Materials and Recycling, Noise, Vibration and Harshness, Transmission and Driveline, Vehicle Dynamics and Control

353

A Study on Abnormal Detection of High-Speed Bearings for Electric Vehicle Drive Systems

Jin Yong Kim, Doo Ho Lee, Do Hyun Jung

Int J Automot Technol. 2025;26(2):353-357. Published online 2024 Dec 9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00164-x

Electric, Fuel Cell, and Hybrid Vehicle, Fuels and Lubricants, Heat Transfer, Fluid and Thermal Engineering, Vision and Sensors

359

Study of Cooling Performance of Liquid-Cooled EV Battery Module According to the TIM Compression Ratio

Jahun Gu, Heung-Kyu Kim, Siyoul Jang

Int J Automot Technol. 2025;26(2):359-373. Published online 2024 Dec 2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00167-8

Engine and Emissions, Fuels and Lubricants

375

A New Equation for Fuel Economy of Hybrid Vehicles in Republic of Korea Based on 5-Cycle Test

Man Su Noh, Jeong Mo Lee, Dong Yoon Lim, Jin Han Ahn, Ki Bum Kim

Int J Automot Technol. 2025;26(2):375-389. Published online 2024 Nov 22 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00171-y

Engine and Emissions

391

Driving Characteristics of Heavy-Duty Urban Transit Vehicles in Seoul: Insights from Real-Time Data and Annual Statistics

Seongsu Kim, Junghwan Kim

Int J Automot Technol. 2025;26(2):391-398. Published online 2024 Nov 5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00176-7

Connected Automated Vehicles and ITS, Electrical and Electronics, Human Factors and Ergonomics

399

An Ergonomic Study on Gear Position Sequence and Gear Indicator Location of Automotive Dial-Type Gearshift

Sehee An, Jaebong Yoo, Yihun Jeong, Donghyun Beck

Int J Automot Technol. 2025;26(2):399-413. Published online 2024 Nov 8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00178-5

Vision and Sensors

415

Study on The Cooling Performance By Cooling Air Channel Design For Air-Cooled Hev Battery Pack

Geon Hui Lee, Dae Yeon Yeom, Geon Ho Kim, Siyoul Jang

Int J Automot Technol. 2025;26(2):415-435. Published online 2024 Dec 20 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00180-x

Engine and Emissions, Fuels and Lubricants

437

Development of an LSTM-CCF-MA Model for Predicting NOx Emission and Exhaust Temperature of a Diesel Engine

Haibo Sun, Gang Li, Jincheng Li, Zunqing Zheng, Qinglong Tang, Mingfa Yao

Int J Automot Technol. 2025;26(2):437-450. Published online 2024 Oct 8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00152-1

Vehicle Dynamics and Control, Other Fields of Automotive Engineering

451

A Novel Dynamic Lane-Changing Trajectory Planning for Autonomous Vehicles Based on Improved APF and RRT Algorithm

Shuen Zhao, Yao Leng, Maojie Zhao, Kan Wang, Jie Zeng, Wanli Liu

Int J Automot Technol. 2025;26(2):451-461. Published online 2024 Sep 27 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00153-0

Connected Automated Vehicles and ITS, Vision and Sensors

463

Iterative Trajectory Prediction Model Based on Interactive Agent

Hongpeng Tian, Xiaopei Zhang, Dan Cui

Int J Automot Technol. 2025;26(2):463-473. Published online 2024 Oct 7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00154-z

Cited By 1

Electric, Fuel Cell, and Hybrid Vehicle, Electrical and Electronics

475

Multi-physical Field Coupling Analysis of Flat Wire Motor

Yecui Yan, Chenyang Mao, Lin Chen

Int J Automot Technol. 2025;26(2):475-489. Published online 2024 Sep 13 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00155-y

Chassis, Electrical and Electronics, Vehicle Dynamics and Control

491

Road Feel Simulation Method with Rack Force Observer for Intelligent Vehicle Steer-by-Wire System

Leiyan Yu, Zihua Hu, Yongpeng Cai, Zeyu Hou, Yongjun Shi, Baogui Wu, Meilan Tian

Int J Automot Technol. 2025;26(2):491-504. Published online 2024 Sep 13 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00158-9

Cited By 1

Materials and Recycling

505

Investigation of the Spoke Lateral Thickness Effects on Non-pneumatic Tire Radial and Lateral Stiffness

Hai Chao Zhou, Hao Ze Ren, Hai Feng Zhou, Ting Xu, Guo Lin Wang

Int J Automot Technol. 2025;26(2):505-523. Published online 2024 Nov 15 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00163-y

Connected Automated Vehicles and ITS, Vision and Sensors

525

Study on Fusion Estimation of Adhesion Coefficient Based on Multimodal Fusion Recognition Strategy

Xiaosong Sun, Yongjie Lu, Yanfeng Wang

Int J Automot Technol. 2025;26(2):525-543. Published online 2024 Nov 8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00166-9

Chassis, Vehicle Dynamics and Control

545

Research on Cooperative Driving Steering Control for Intelligent Vehicles Based on Lateral Deviation Prediction

Zengke Qin, Lie Guo, Longxin Guan, Jian Wu, Pingshu Ge, Xin Liu

Int J Automot Technol. 2025;26(2):545-558. Published online 2024 Nov 21 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00168-7

Chassis, Electrical and Electronics, Vehicle Dynamics and Control

559

Trajectory Tracking Control for Self-driving Vehicle Considering Road Slope and Adhesion Condition

Zejia He, Jixiang Liang, Yiming Li, Weilu Hou, Qin Shi

Int J Automot Technol. 2025;26(2):559-576. Published online 2024 Nov 19 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00177-6

Vision and Sensors

577

LDMSNet: Lightweight Dual-Branch Multi-Scale Network for Real-Time Semantic Segmentation of Autonomous Driving

Haoran Yang, Dan Zhang, Jiazai Liu, Zekun Cao, Na Wang

Int J Automot Technol. 2025;26(2):577-591. Published online 2024 Nov 7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00179-4

Erratum

593

Erratum: A Novel Dynamic Lane-Changing Trajectory Planning for Autonomous Vehicles Based on Improved APF and RRT Algorithm

Shuen Zhao, Yao Leng, Maojie Zhao, Kan Wang, Jie Zeng, Wanli Liu

Int J Automot Technol. 2025;26(2):593-593. Published online 2024 Oct 22 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00161-0